Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES) Practice Exam

Empagliflozin belongs to which class of diabetes medications?

1. SGLT-2 inhibitors

2. DPP-4 inhibitors

3. Biguanides

4. Thiazolidinediones

The correct answer is: SGLT-2 inhibitors

Empagliflozin is classified as an SGLT-2 inhibitor, which stands for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor. This class of medications works by preventing the reabsorption of glucose from the urine in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion and lower blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. By blocking the SGLT-2 protein in the renal tubules, empagliflozin helps to reduce blood glucose levels effectively and can also contribute to weight loss and lower blood pressure. In contrast, the other classes mentioned have different mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects. DPP-4 inhibitors work by enhancing the incretin system, which increases insulin secretion in response to meals and lowers glucagon levels. Biguanides, such as metformin, primarily reduce hepatic glucose production and enhance insulin sensitivity. Thiazolidinediones improve insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat tissues but do not directly lead to increased glucose excretion through the kidneys. Understanding these distinctions is important for selecting the most appropriate medication for diabetes management.